REPASO DE GRAMÁTICA. inglés 6º

Comenzaré por un repaso de lo más importante de gramática que hemos dado este curso.

PRESENTE SIMPLE (Simple Present)

Corresponde al presente de indicativo español.

En su forma afirmativa, se construye con el sujeto seguido de la base del verbo que se conjuga, sin terminación alguna, excepto la tercera persona del singular que añade –s. Se añade –es cuando el verbo termina en consonante de (sh, ch, ss, x) o en la vocal o precedida de consonante. Los terminados en y griega precedida de consonante, cambian ésta en i latina y añaden también –es.

I brush                               He brushes

I try                                    She tries

 

Forma afirmativa                                                          

I work

You work

He works

She works

It works

We work

You work

They work 

 
     F. negativa  contraída            

I don’t work

You don’t work

He doesn’t work

She doesn’t work

It doesn’t work

We don’t work

You don’t work

They don’t work 

F.negativa

I do not work

You do not work

He does not work

She does not work

It does not work

We do not work

You do not work

They do not work

F. interrogativa          

Do I work?

Do you work?

Does he work?

Does she work?

Does it work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do they work?

 

Usos del presente simple: Acciones habituales y verdades generales.

We usually go to bed at 11.

Children enjoy playing games.

Wood floats on water.

 

 

 PRESENTE CONTINUO O PRESENTE PROGRESIVO

Se forma con el presente del verbo to be más la forma en –ing del verbo que se conjuga.

Al añadir –ing tener en cuenta:

Si el verbo termina en e muda, esta se pierde.

Ej.: come    coming

       Live     living

Si el verbo termina en ie, se cambia en y

Ej,: die      dying

Si el verbo termina en consonante precedida de vocal simple y además es monosílabo o polisílabo con acento en la última sílaba, se dobla la consonante.

Ej. : stop    stopping

F afirmativa                           F. negativa                            F. negativa contraída

I am  working                             I am not working                        I'm not working

You are working                        You are not working                  You aren’t working

He is working                             He is not working                       He isn’t working

She is working                            She is not working                      She isn’t working

It is working                               It is not working                         It isn’t working

We are working                          We are not working                    We aren´t working

You are working                        You are not working                   You aren’t working

They are working                        They are working                        They aren’t working

F. interrogativa

Am I working?

Are you working?

Is he working?

Is she working?

Is it working?

Are we working?

Are you working?

Are They working?

 

Usos: Se usa para expresar una acción que se está realizando en el momento en que se habla. (Éste es el único uso que hemos estudiado, hay otros)  Tendreis que estar atentos al significado de la oración y a cualquier expresión de tiempo (right now, at the moment…)

 

 

 

 En este enlace tienes un video y actividades que te ayudarán a distinguir el uso del presente simple y el presente continuo.

 

http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/grammar-videos/the-woolly-jumper

 Debes hacerlas en papel, no importa si no tienes el cuaderno en casa.

 PASADO SIMPLE (SIMPLE PAST)

 

Se corresponde con el pretérito perfecto simple y con el pretérito imperfecto en español.

 

Los verbos regulares forman el pasado añadiendo –ed

- los acabados en e sólo añaden la –d      like     liked

- los acabados en y precedida de consonante la cambian por  i antes de añadir –ed                                          

            Fry      fried

- los acabados en una sola consonante precedida de vocal simple duplican la consonante

            Stop          stopped

 

Los verbos irregulares tienes que estudiártelos. Teníamos una lista a la que debes ir añadiendo los verbos nuevos que vayan apareciendo este curso y en cursos posteriores.

F. afirmativa I worked You worked He worked She worked It worked We worked You worked They worked    F. negativa I  did not work You did not work He did not work She did not work It did not work We did not work You did not work They did not work    F negativa contraída I didn’t work You didn’t work He didn’t work She didn’t work It didn’t work We didn’t work You didn’t work They didn’t work      F interrogative Did I work? Did you work? Did he work? Did she work? Did it work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work?

Uso: Expresar una acción completada en un tiempo del pasado y narraciones en pasado.    En este enlace tienes un juego sobre los verbos regulares e irregulares y actividades que debes hacer en papel, si no tienes impresora las copias.     http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/grammar-practice/past-simple-sentences           PASADO CONTINUO O PASADO PROGRESIVO   Se forma con el pasado del verbo to be mas la forma en -ing del verbo que se conjuga.

F. afirmativa I was working You were working He was working She was working It was working We were working You were working They were working    F. negative I was  not working You were not  working He was not working She was not working It was not working We were not working You were not working They were not working    F. negativa contraída I wasn’t working You weren’t working He wasn’t working She wasn’t working It wasn’t working We weren’t working You weren’t working They weren’t working    F. interrogativa Was I working? Were you working? Was he working? Was she working? Was it working? Were we working? Were you working? Were they working?

Uso:

• Acción del pasado que no había terminado cuando ocurrió otra. Expresa simultaneidad con otra acción.

          I was talking when the teacher came in.

• Expresar repetición molesta de un hecho.

He was always shouting.